Gary A. Cziko
Office Address:  University of Illinois

                        Department of Educational Psychology
                             210 Education  Building
                             1310 South Sixth   Street
                             Champaign, Illinois      61820-6990
                        Telephone: 217/333-8527
                         FAX:  217/244-7620
                         E-mail: g-cziko@uiuc.edu
                         Web:  http://garycziko.net
Citizenship:  USA
Languages:  Native speaker of English
                   Fluent knowledge of French
                   Intermediate knowledge of Spanish & German
Present position:  Professor
                         Department of Educational Psychology
                         University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Education

Bachelor of Arts: Queen's College of the City University of New York, Psychology, magna cum laude, 1974.
Master of Arts: McGill University, Montreal, Psychology,"The effects of different French immersion 
                         programs on the language and academic skills of children from various 
                         socioeconomic backgrounds," 1975.
Doctor of Philosophy: McGill University, Montreal, Psychology, "An analysis and comparison of first- and 
                                 second-language reading," 1978.
Post-doctoral work:  Université de Montréal, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Section de mesure et 
                                  évaluation; study and research in statistics, research design, psychological and 
                                  educational testing.

Appointments, Fellowships, Awards, Promotions and Honors

1975-1978: McGill University Graduate Faculty Research Fellowship.
1978-1979: Québec Ministry of Education Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship.
1979: Appointment as Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at 
          Urbana-Champaign.
1984-1985: Appointment to Bureau of Educational Research, College of Education, University of Illinois at 
          Urbana-Champaign.
1985, spring semester: Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
1985-1986:  Appointment to Bureau of Educational Research, College of Education, University of Illinois at 
         Urbana-Champaign.
1986: Promotion to Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at 
         Urbana-Champaign.
1986: Selection as College of Education Scholar

1986: Nomination by College of Education for University Scholar
1986-87: Re-appointment to Bureau of Educational Research, College of Education, University of Illinois at 
         Urbana-Champaign.
1990-92: Appointment to Bureau of Educational Research, College of Education, University of Illinois at 
         Urbana-Champaign.
1998: Promotion to Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at 
         Urbana-Champaign.
1998 – 2000: Appointment as AT&T Technology Faculty Fellow.
Books
Cziko, G. (1995).  Without miracles: Universal selection theory and the second Darwinian revolution. 
                   Cambridge: MIT Press (A Bradford Book).
Cziko, G. (2000). The things we do: Applying the lessons of Darwin and Bernard to understand the 
                   what, how and why of behavior. Cambridge:MIT Press (A Bradford Book).
Published Papers and Book Chapters
Cziko, G. A., & Lambert, W. E. (1976). A French-English school exchange program: Feasibility and effects on
                  attitudes and motivation. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 32, 236-242.
Cziko, G. A. (1976). The effects of language sequencing on the development of bilingual reading skills. 
                 The Canadian Modern Language Review, 32, 534-539.
Cziko, G. A. (1978). Differences in first- and second-language reading: The use of syntactic, semantic and 
                 discourse constraints. The Candian Modern Language Review, 34, 473-489.
Tucker, G. R. & Cziko, G. A. (1978). The role of evaluation in bilingual education. In J. E. Alatis (Ed.), 
                 Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1978. Washington, D.C.: 
                 Georgetown University Press.
Cziko, G. A., Lambert, W. E., & Gutter, R. (1979). The impact of immersion-in-a-foreign-language on pupils'
                social attitudes. Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 19, 13-28. (ERIC Document Reproduction
                Service No. ED 184 341)
Cziko, G. A., Lambert, W. E., Sidoti, N., & Tucker, G. R. (1979). Graduates of early immersion: 
                Retrospective views of Grade 11 students and their parents. In B. Mlacak & E. Isabelle (Eds.), 
               So you want your child to learn French!:  A handbook for parents. Ottawa: Canadian Parents for 
               French. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 153 462).
Cziko, G. A. (1980a). The development of a criterion-referenced test of ESL dictation. In J. E. Redden (Ed.), 
                Proceedings of the Southern Illinois Language Testing Conference (pp. 13-23). Carbondale:
                Southern Illinois University, 1981.
Cziko, G. A. (1980). Language competence and reading strategies: A Comparison of first- and second-
                language oral reading errors. Language Learning, 30, 101-116.
Cziko, G. A., Lambert, W. E., & Gutter, R. (1980). French immersion programs and students' social attitudes: 
              A multidimensional investigation. Journal of the National Association for Bilingual Education, 4(2), 
              19-30.
Cziko, G. A., Lambert, W. E., Sidoti, N., & Tucker, G. R. (1980). Graduates of early immersion:  
              Retrospective views of Grade 11 students and their parents. In N. St. Clair & H. Giles (Eds.), 
             The social and psychological contexts of language. Hillsdale, N.J.:Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Cziko 
             et al., 1979).
Cziko, G. A. (1981). Psychometric and edumetric approaches to language testing: Implications and 
              applications. Applied Linguistics, 2(1),28-44. (Reprinted in J. W. Oller, Jr. (Ed.) (1983). Issues in 
              language testing research (pp. 289-307). Rowley, Mass: Newbury House.)
Cziko, G. A. (1982a). Improving the psychometric, criterion-referenced, and practical qualities of integrative
              language tests. TESOL Quarterly, 16(3), 367-379.
Cziko, G. A. (1982b). Vernacular education in the Southern Sudan: A test case for literacy.Journal of 
             Multilingual and Multicultural Development,3(4), 293-314.
Cziko, G. A. (1982c, June). Approaches to the evaluation of bilingual education:  An international perspective 
            (Professional Paper Series). Los Alamitos, California:National Center for Bilingual Research. 
            (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 222 074)
Cziko, G. A. (1983). Another response to Shanahan, Kamil, and Tobin: Further reasons to keep the cloze 
          case open. Reading Research Quarterly, 18(3), 361-365.
Cziko, G. A. (1984a).  Some problems with empirically-based models of communicative competence. 
          Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 23-38.
Cziko, G. A. (1984b).  An improvement over Guttman scalogram Analysis: A computer program for 
         evaluating cumulative, nonparametric scales of dichotomous items. Educational and Psychological 
         Measurement, 44,157-161.
Cziko, G. A., & Linn, N.-H.J. (1984).  The construction and analyses of short scales of language proficiency: 
         Classical psychometric, latent trait, and nonparametric approaches.TESOL Quarterly, 18(4),  627-647.
Cziko, G.A. & Troike, R.C. (1984). Contexts of bilingual education: International perspectives and issues. 
           AILA Review (International Association of Applied Linguistics), 1, 7-33.
Fouly, K. A., & Cziko, G. A. (1985). Determining the reliability, validity, and scalability of the graduated 
          dictation test. Language Learning, 35, 555-566.
Cziko, G. A. (1985).  [Review of Workbook in second language acquisition]. Studies in Language Learning, 
          5(1),136.
Cziko, G. A. (1986). Testing the language bioprogram hypothesis: A review of children's acquisition of 
          articles. Language (Journal of the Linguistic Society of America), 62(4), 878-898.
Cziko, G. A., & Koda, K. (1987). A Japanese child's use of stative and punctual verbs.Journal of Child 
           Language, 14(1), 99-111.
Cziko, G. A. (1987). Review of the "Bilingual Syntax Measure I". In J. C. Alderson, J. K. Krahnke & C. W. 
           Stansfield (Eds.), Reviews of English language proficiency tests (pp. 12-14). Washington, DC: 
           Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages.
Cziko, G. (1988a). Implicit and explicit learning: Implications for and applications to music teaching. 
          In Charles Fowler (Ed.), The Crane Symposium: Toward an understanding of the teaching and 
         learning of music performance (pp. 89-117). Potsdam: Potsdam College of the State University of 
         New York.
Cziko, G. A. (1988b). The Language Bioprogram Hypothesis: A reply to Youssef. Journal of Child Language,
          5, 669-671.
Cziko, G. A. (1989a).  A review of the state-process and punctual-nonpunctual distinctions in children's 
         acquisition of verbs. First Language, 9(1), 1-31.
Cziko, G. A. (1989b). Unpredictability and indeterminism in human behavior: Arguments and implications
        for educational research. Educational  Researcher, 18(3), 17-25.
Cziko, G. A. (1989c).  Of verbs, universals and language acquisition research: A reply to Bickerton, Kuczaj 
        and Weist. First Language, 9(1), 51-56.
Fouly, K. A., Bachman, L. B., & Cziko, G. A. (1990). The divisibility of language competence: A confirmatory
        approach. Language Learning, 40(1), 1-21.
Cziko, G. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1990). Comprehensive evolutionary epistemology bibliography. Journal of 
        Social and Biological Structures, 13(1), 41-81.
Cziko, G.A. (1992a) The evaluation of bilingual education: From necessity and probability to possibility. 
        Educational Researcher, 21(2), 10-15.
Cziko, G. A. (1992b). Purposeful behavior as the control of perception: Implications for educational research.
        Educational Researcher, 21(9), 10-18, 27.
Cziko, G. A. (1992c). Perceptual control theory: One threat to educational research not (yet?) faced by 
       Amundson, Serlin, and Lehrer. Educational Researcher, 21(9), 25-27.
Cziko, G. A. (1994).  Differences in first- and second-language reading: The use of syntactic, semantic and 
        discourse constraints. In J. W. Oller, Jr., & J. Jonz (Eds.), Cloze and coherence (pp. 149-163).
        Associated University Presses. (Reprinted from Cziko, 1978).
Cziko, G. A. (1994). Another response to Shanahan, Kamil, and Tobin: Further reasons to keep the cloze 
        case open. In J. W. Oller, Jr., & J. Jonz (Eds.), Cloze and coherence. (pp. 197-205). Cranbury, NJ:ƒ 
        Associated University Presses. (Reprinted from Cziko, 1983)
Cziko, G. A. (1998). From blind to creative: In defense of Donald Campbell's selectionist theory of human 
        creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 32(3), 192-209.
Zhao, Y., & Cziko, G. A. (2001). Teacher adoption of technology: A perceptual-control-theory perspective. 
         Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 5-30.
Cziko, G. A. (2001). Universal selection theory and the complementarity of different types of blind variation 
          and selective retention. In C. Heyes & D. L Hull (Eds.), Selection theory and social construction: 
          The  evolutionary naturalistic epistemology of Donald T. Campbell. Albany:The State University of
           New York Press.
Cziko, G. A. (2001). Heeding Darwin but ignoring Bernard: Responses are not selected, internal goals are 
          (commentary on Hull et al.). Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 24(3), 534-535.
Addresses at Professional Meetings
Cziko, G. A. (1975, September). The effects of language sequencing on the development of bilingual 
     reading skills.  Invited paper presented at the Research Conference on Immersion Education for the 
     Majority Child, Montreal.
Cziko, G. A. (1977, June). Differences in first- and  second-language reading: The use of syntactic and 
      semantic constraints. Paper presented at the meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association,
      Vancouver.
Cziko, G. A. (1977,September) Differences in first- and second-language reading: The use of syntactic, 
       semantic and discourse constraints. Invited paper presented at the Conference on Second-Language
       Learning, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
Tucker, G. R, & Cziko, G. A. (1978, March). The role of evaluation in bilingual education. Invited paper 
       presented at the Georgetown University Roundtable on Languages and Linguistics, Washington, D.C.

Cziko, G. A. (1980, March). Psychometric and Edumetric approaches to language testing: Implications and 
       applications. Paper presented at the meeting of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages,
       San Francisco. 
Cziko, G. A. (1980,March). Canadian bilingual education: The development of bilingual reading skills. 
       Invited paper presented at the meeting of Illinois Teachers of English as a Second Language/Bilingual
       Education, Chicago.
Cziko, G. A. (1980,October). The development of a  criterion-referenced test of ESL dictation. Paper
         presented at the Southern Illinois Language Testing Conference, Carbondale.
Cziko, G. A. (1981, March). Improving the psychometric, criterion-referenced, and practical qualities of 
        integrative language tests. Invited paper presented at the Language Proficiency Assessment Symposium
        sponsored by InterAmerica Research Associates, Inc., Airlie House, Warrenton, VA.
Cziko, G. A. (1981, March). Vernacular education in the Southern Sudan:  A test case for literacy. Invited 
        paper presented at the Center for Applied Linguistics Stocktaking Conference, Washington, D.C.
Cziko, G. A. (1982, May). Developing models of communicative competence: Conceptual, statistical, and 
        methodological considerations. Paper presented at the annual convention of Teachers of English to
        Speakers of Other Languages, Honolulu. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No.  ED 226 567)
Cziko, G. A. (1983, October). Teaching language minority students: Implications of current research. Invited
        plenary paper presented at the meeting of Illinois Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages/
        Bilingual Education, Chicago.
Cziko, G. A., & Lin, N.-H. J. (1984, March). The  construction and analysis of short scales of language 
       proficiency:  Classical psychometric, latent trait, and nonparametric approaches. Paper presented at the 
       meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans. (ERIC Document 
       Reproduction Service No. ED 243 949)
Cziko, G. A. (1984, November). Language in the classroom: Teaching, learning and use. Invited address 
       delivered at the Fall 1984 initiation of Kappa Delta Pi, Alpha Chapter, Urbana, Illinois.
Cziko, G. A. (1985, October). Testing the language  bioprogram hypothesis: A review of children's 
       acquisition of articles. Paper presented at the Boston University Conference on Language Development, 
       Boston.
Cziko, Gary. (1986, June). Implicit and explicit learning in music education: Implications for the teacher. 
        Paper presented at the Crane Symposium ("Toward an Understanding of the Teaching and Learning of
        Music Performance"), Potsdam College, State University College of Arts and Sciences, Potsdam, NY.
Cziko, G. A. (1988,  December). Implications of nonlinearity and chaos for language assessment. Paper (to
        be) presented at the meeting of the American Association for Applied Linguistics, New Orleans. (paper
        invited and prepared but not presented due to weather-related travel problems)
Cziko, G. A. (1991,  August).  Control theory and electronic communication: The past, present and future
           of CSGnet. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Control Systems Group, Fort Lewis College, 
         Durango, CO.
Cziko, G. A. (1992, July).  From rubberbands to robots: Portable demonstrations of perceptual control. 
        Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Control Systems Group, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO.
Cziko, G. A., & Thurston, P. C.  (1993, July). Post-Cognitive Psychology and Educational Leadership: A 
        Perceptual-Control-Theory Perspective. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Control Systems
        Group, Fort Lewis College, Durango,CO.
Cziko, G. A. (1995, April). Perceptual control theory: A new paradigm for research. Paper presented at the 
        annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
Cziko, G. A. (1995, July). The Control Systems Group World Wide Web Site.  Demonstration presented at 
       the annual meeting of the Control Systems Group, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO.
Cziko, G. A. (1996, June). Three lessons of biology for psychology: The adapted mind, within-organism 
        selection, and perceptual control.  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Human Behavior and 
        Evolution Society, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
Cziko, G. A. (1996, July). Evolutionary psychology and perceptual control. Paper presented at the annual 
        meeting of the Control Systems Group, Northern Arizona Univeristy, Flagstaff, AZ.
Cziko, G. A. (1997, June). Perceptual control: The missing link between cognitive mechanism and 
       purposeful behavior. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution 
        Society, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ.
Cziko, G. A. (1998, July).  The historical context of perceptual control theory. Paper presented at the annual 
       meeting of the Control Systems Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Cziko, G. A. (1999, April). Is selection theory needed to explain cultural change? Invited paper presented at 
       a conference on “The Evolution of Social Entities,” British Academy, London.
Cziko, G. A. (2000, July). Understanding adaptive behavior and thought as purposeful evolution. Paper 
      presented at the annual meeting of the Control Systems Group, Boston University,Boston, MA.
Cziko, G. A. (2000, July).  A demonstration of multimedia, Web-based  high-intensity language training. 
      Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Control Systems Group, Boston University, Boston, MA.
      
Doctoral Dissertations Directed
Chulasai, Dusadee. (1983). The effects of passage type, deletion type, and scoring method on the English 
      cloze test performance  of foreign graduate technical and non-technical  students. Unpublished doctoral 
      dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Gilbert, Carmen  C. (1984). The reading strategies  used by selected adult Spanish and Arabic readers in 
     their native language  and in English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at 
     Urbana-Champaign.
Fouly, Kamal A.-A. (1985). A confirmatory multivariate study of the nature of second language proficiency 
    and its relationship to learner variables.  Unpublished  doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at
     Urbana-Champaign.
Gonzalez, L. Antonio. (1986). The effects of first language education on the second language and academic
    achievement of Mexican immigrant elementary school children in the United States. Unpublished doctoral 
    dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Pharis, Keith. (1986).  A study of faculty perceptions of foreign graduate student writing. Unpublished 
    doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Choi, Inn-Chull. (1989). An application of item-response theory to language testing: Model-data fit studies.
     Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Liou, Hsien-Chin. (1989). The impact of formal instruction on grammatical accuracy in second language oral 
     communication. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Judd, Joel B. (1992). Second language acquisition as the control of non-primary linguistic perceptions A 
     critique of research and theory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at 
     Urbana-Champaign.
Sasaki, Yoshinori. (1992). Paths of processing strategy transfers in learning Japanese and English as foreign 
    languages: A competition model approach. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at
    Urbana-Champaign.
Montes, Jane (1994). Beyond computation in mathematics. An instructional study with third grade bilingual 
    Mexican-American students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Chiba, Hiroko (1995).  Processing Kanji characters in reading Japanese as a foreign language. Unpublished 
    doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Zhao, Yong. (1996). The effects of anonymity on critical feedback in computer-mediated collaborative 
     learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Graney, John. (1997). Second language readers distinguishing fact and opinion. Unpublished doctoral 
     dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Wannaruk, Anchalee.  (1997). Back-channel behavior in Thai and American casual telephone conversations. 
     Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Thalhammer, Bryan. (2000). Self-image maintenance in an educational setting: A perceptual control theory 
    study of technical training. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Memberships in Professional Organizations
American Educational Research Association
Teachers  of English to Speakers of Other Languages
Control Systems Group (President, 1994-1995)
Human Behavior and Evolution Society
Teaching Experience
1974-75: Teaching assistant for Dr. Ronald Melzack in Introductory Psychology, McGill University.
1975, winter semester: Teaching assistant for Dr. G. Richard Tucker in Psychology of Language, 
         McGill University.
1976, spring semester : Teaching assistant for Dr. Wallace E. Lambert in Advanced Social Psychology, 
         McGill University.
1976-77: Teaching assistant for Dr. John Macnamara in Psychology of Language and Bilingualism, 
         McGill University.
1978, October 23 - November 18: Co-director of the Workshop on Data Processing in the Social Sciences, 
         University of Yaoundé, Cameroon.
1979, winter semester: Instructor, Statistique appliquée à l'éducation, Université de Montréal 
        (taught in French).
1979, June and July: Lecturer, Literacy (graduate course in applied linguistics), Concordia University, 
        Montreal.
1979 -86: Assistant Professor ; Courses taught include: Bilingual Education and Reading, Evaluation of 
         Bilingual Education, Psychology of Learning for Teachers, Assessing Limited-English-Proficient 
        Students, Elements of Educational Statistics, Research Seminar in Bilingual Education, Psychology of 
         Learning for (Music) Teachers; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
1986 to 1998: Associate Professor; Courses taught include: Assessing Limited-English-Proficient Students, 
      Elements of Educational Statistics, Psychology of Learning for (Music) Teachers, Knowledge Processes; 
      University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
1998 to present: Professor: Courses taught include: Elements of Educational Statistics, Child Language and 
      Education, Psychological Theories Applied to Education; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Unpublished Manuscripts
Cziko, G. A., & Ojerinde, A. (1976). Yoruba Six-Year Primary Project: The June 1976 evaluation. 
         Unpublished manuscript, available from A. Ojerinde, Department of Education, University of Ife,
         Ile-Ife, Nigeria).
Cziko, G. A., Holobow, N., & Lambert, W. E. (1977). A comparison of three elementary school programs
          for learning French: Children at Grades 4 and 5.  Unpublished manuscript, (available from G.A. Cziko,
         210 Education Building, University of Illinois, 1310 S. Sixth St., Champaign, IL 61820).
Cziko, G. A., Holobow, N., & Lambert, W. E. (1977). Early and  late immersion: A comparison of Children 
          at Grade 7. Montreal: McGill University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 153 461)

Cziko, G. A., Holobow, N. E., Lambert, W. E., & Tucker, G. R. (1977). A comparison of three elementary 
          school alternatives for learning French: Children at Grades 5 and 6. Montreal: McGill University. (ERIC
          Document Reproduction Service No. ED 150 885)
Ojerinde, A., & Cziko, G. A. (1978). Yoruba Six-Year Primary Project: The June 1977 Primary 4 evaluation.
        Unpublished manuscript, (available from A. Ojerinde, Department of Education, University of Ife, 
         Ile-Ife, Nigeria).
Cziko, G. A., & Walters, J. (1980, July). Annual evaluation report of the Title VII bilingual education 
         program at Northeast Elementary School of Danville (Illinois) Community Consolidated  School 
         District #118. Champaign: University of Illinois.
Cziko, G. A. (1981, March).  Evaluation of the local languages literacy  project in the Southern Sudan: 
         First impact evaluation report. Washington,  D. C.                                
Cziko, G. A. (1981, September). Evaluation  report of the 1980-1981 Title VII bilingual education program 
          at Northeast  Elementary School of Danville (Illinois) Community Consolidated School District #118. 
          Champaign: University of Illinois.
Cziko, G. A., & Cowan, J. R. (1982, March). Evaluation of the local languages literacy project in the Southern 
         Sudan: Second impact evaluation. Washington, D.C.                                 
Cowan, J. R., & Cziko, G. A. (1984, November). Evaluation of the Southern Sudan Local Languages Literacy 
         Project:  Final Report. Washington, D. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 276 294)           
Papers Submitted for Publication

Research/Teaching  Interests
First and second language acquisition
Bilingual education
Social and cognitive aspects of bilingualism
Psychological and educational measurement
Language assessment
Research methods in psychology and education
          
Gary A. Cziko is professor of educational psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign.  He has done research on first and second language acquisition and reading; 
bilingual education in Canada, the United States., Nigeria and Sudan; and language proficiency
testing.  He is currently preparing a book on "universal selection theory"  which provides a 
unifying framework for understanding all forms of adaptation, learning, and knowledge 
growth.  His current research interests include the application of perceptual control theory to 
aspects of language learning and teaching.